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Labor |
Stages and Phases of Labor
A woman's labor and birth has been divided into three stages. The first stage being mainly preparation, the second ending in the birth of your baby and the third finishing with the delivery of the placenta. |
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First Stage
Prodomal Phase
Early Phase
Active Phase
Transitional Phase
Second Stage
Third Stage
Second Stage
What is Happening
Once your cervix has fully dilated, the second stage begins: the birth of your baby. This stage can last anywhere from minutes to hours.
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The average duration of the second stage is close to an hour for a first-timer (or longer if you've had an epidural) and 20 minutes if you've previously had a vaginal delivery. (19) During this stage, the baby maneuvers through the pelvis and down through the birth canal. There is no "right way" to push and no need to breathe in a prescribed way or hold your breath during contractions. (20) Changing positions, moving and walking will help the birth process. As the baby reaches the perineum, you may experience a burning and stretching feeling as your perineum bulges with each contraction. At some point you may be asked to push more gently or not at all so that the baby's head can slowly stretch out your vagina and perineum. A slow, controlled birth is essential to prevent your skin from tearing. (19) |
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When the baby's head emerges, you will feel a tremendous sense of relief.
Your baby's head then turns to the side, as its body and shoulders rotate inside your pelvis to prepare for its exit. With the next contraction, you will be coached to push, as the rest of your baby's body delivers.
What Helps
Follow along and do what feels right. For most, this means taking normal breaths as contractions build and then pushing when it becomes irresistible. (20)
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| First Stage | Second Stage | Third Stage |
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